Democracy is a function of capitalism

Democracy: Democracy is a Myth. Capitalism is a fact.

H.L. Mencken said the typical American voter was a boob, and the
system was booboisie.

Bourgeois Democracy is a function of capitalism:

In order to understand the submission " Democracy is a
Function of Capitalism" one has to delve deep into Social, economic,
and political evolution of human race and subject it to critical
analysis.

Let us start with a few broad definitions.

Capitalism- is an economic system in which means of
production are controlled and in a large measure, owned by a
numerically small group of people- the capitalist class. They dominate
the government by maintaining a dominant-symbiotic relationship with
mainstream political parties, media and academia.

Socialism- is an economic system in which an ideology driven
party controls the means of production, state, media,
labor unions, academia and professions etc. The
party/state endeavors to provide for the basic needs of the public-

Fascism-is an economic system in which an ideology driven
party exercises the same degree of control over levers of authority as
the socialists do, but makes little effort to provide for the public.

Sub-types of Fascism are:

1). Theocracy in which clergy/Mullahs are in control, as in Iran
and pay little attention to public welfare.

2). Military Dictatorship in which the army functions on
behalf of the cabal of feudal lords, mullahs, bureaucrats and petty
bourgeoisie as they routinely do in Pakistan. Over a course of time
they metamorphose into a service/export substitution/real state
agglomerate and reduce traditional feudals to an apparently subsidiary
status and try to sideline the clergy. They are subservient to
international capital.

3) Civilian fascists such as Zulfiqar Bhutto, Saddam,
Batista, Somoza and Papa Doc. They take advantage of the
parlous state of the country and seize all the levers of power. They
can last a long time if they continue to toe the imperialist line.

Democracy- is a system of government in which people are
(supposed) to be governed by and with their Consent. The term, with
out further qualifications, stands for bourgeoisie democracy in which
multi-party elections are held at fixed or regularly irregular
intervals under adult franchise. Political parties, invariably
beholden to financial interests, present a platform to attract voters.
Liberals throw crumbs at the working class; conservatives do not even
do that.

. Under Democracy, the working class is kept under control
with the aid of such sedatives as sports programs, soap operas, and
distracted by issues such as migration, religious conflicts, wars and
ethnic divides. When the working class gets too rebellious, they are
sedated with such measures as social security, health care, free
education and unemployment benefits.

Imperial system: in which all power is vested in the king
who delegates some authority to his family, friends, and henchmen. The
imperial system controls all means of production. Feudals/ tribal
heads are given limited authority in the their area of influence.
Muslim kingdoms and Gulf Emirates are prime examples.

. This is not to be confused with the Pseudo- Imperial system
in which the King/Queen and royal family are kept for ceremonial
purposes, as in some European countries, Malaysia and Japan.

Feudal System: in which an imperial/colonial power left the
levers of power in the hands of feudal landowners, as in Pakistan. The
feudal class was able to subjugate the Royal house as in the U.K from
sixteenth to nineteenth centuries.

Rule of the Global Capital-This is the current more evolved
form of Capitalism. In sharp deviation from national capital, which
developed industry in its own domicile, and let some benefits trickle
to its fellow citizens, this "advanced" form moves industry to where
labor is the cheapest. Current choices are China and to a lesser
extent India. Manufactories are being closed in the USA on a daily
basis. US workers have a choice of taking a drastic cut in wages or
join the ranks of the jobless.

The capitalist class, squeezes all resources from all
economies, reduces the system to 'a melt down' from time to time, and
demands
that its minions 'bail' it out, as in the recent sub-prime, the 1929,
the 1885 and 1860 crises.

India is a special case in study. It developed a big
industrial base while still under alien rule. Industry financed Indian
National Congress, which won Independence and promptly abolished the
feudal system. In the initial years Nehru adopted egalitarian
policies. His successors, from his party and the opposition, gradually
reversed welfare measures.

On the contrary, in the less developed Pakistan,
industrial capitalism never took root. Only
service industry, largely dominated by the feudal class, passes for
industrialization. In fact feudal landowners are not only surviving,
indeed they are thriving. Bhutto, a diabolically shrewd feudal lord,
effectively demolished the nascent and fast emerging capitalist class,
in order to reinforce the supremacy of his class.

Study of Japan and Korea is very instructive.
Under pressure of industrialization and being deficient in raw
materials, they evolved from Imperial/ feudal to fascist to pseudo
imperial and democratic system in a short span of time.

Muslims, Democracy and Finance: Muslims are under such
overwhelming intellectual and cultural influence of the West that they
regard any Western institution, especially democracy as a highly
desirable objective. At the same time they are under great sway of
clerics. In any event, in Islam sovereignty belongs to Allah. In
democracy it resides in the people. Islam should not permit
Capitalism, as interest is an integral part of the system, but clerics
look the other way, and governments/finance men have developed a cover
under which interest is called partnership.

The religion has not ordained any particular system of
government, the only injunction being that the system should abide by
God given laws. It has accepted tribal, hereditary kingship and
theocratic states as Islamic. Though they collaborate with all but
socialist systems, they are always on a look out for replacing the
existing order-examples are the Muslim Brotherhood, Al-Qaida, Jammat e
Islami and Taliban.

The survey would not be complete without mention of social
benefits in certain capitalist European countries, Great Britain,
France, Germany and more so Scandinavian countries, like unemployment
benefits, health care, and education. Granted after World War II,
which had devastated the societies and when the governments were
apprehensive that communists will take over, as they nearly did in
Italy, and had to be overthrown in Greece, became a considerable force
in France, the benefits were gradually withdrawn especially in Britain
under Thatcher and Blair.

Still democracy is thought of as something desirable.

In the sense of by the people, of the people and for the people, it is
a fantasy. Left wing and right wing dictatorships claim to be a
democracy.

Roots of the word go back to 5 BC Athens. Greek Demos means people and
Kratein, to rule, which is related to Keratos (authority) and came
into use to bring more people to defend against Iranian invasions.

Athens, over the course of time, imposed its own 'democratic'
structure on two hundred Greek city states, which replaced the
erstwhile rule by one man, who was called a tyrant, which at the time
meant lord or the chief. He ruled by popular consent and did not have
the evil connotations of the current times.

Under Athenian democracy, an elected assembly made all the laws, and
officials were appointed through a lottery system. According to
Pericles (461-429 BC) the system of paying public servants out of
national treasury was introduced, in order to attract people to seek
office (1).

Only free male citizens, 43,000 in number, were allowed to vote. There
were about equal number of women, who along with110,000 slaves and
28,000 non citizens did not have a vote. According to the historian,
Thucyidides, contemporary of Pericles, resident aliens were also
excluded (2).

Very soon, though, starting with Pericles, it became a majority party rule.

It did not last long. Spartans destroyed the Athenian Empire at the
end of 5th century BC. Nominal democracy did not re-emerge for 2000
years (3).

The idea was revived in the 17th century AD Britain as a highly
romanticized version of Greek democracy. Britain was in the grip of a
civil war at the time. It eventually developed into a popular
sovereignty which was adapted later in France and the USA (4).

New England Puritans, who had fled the revolution in Britain in the
17th century AD, tried the concept in town meetings, which were
attended by the entire male white European population and served as
the legislature and the executive. It was democracy at the local
level. The king of England appointed governors and judges.

According to James Madison pro-British citizens had their property
annexed by popular vote. Constitution makers at the 1787 AD
convocation wanted to prevent "tyranny of the majority" (5).

Again according to Madison, the representatives usually act according
to their own, and not the people's notion, a concept alien to the
concept of democracy.

The point of difference between a Democracy and a Republic is the
delegation of the government in the latter to a small number of
citizens (no 10, Federalist Papers)… (6).

Let us take a more detailed look at the foremost example of 'democracy', the US.

The US constitution offers a Republic, not a democracy. It has
produced vote producing political machines beholden to vested
interests, not the public.

George Washington appointed Thomas Jefferson, erstwhile US ambassador
to France, the first secretary of state. He opposed the establishment
of a US bank as it would favor money interest. GW agreed with the
treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton's vision was that of
a mercantile/manufacturing country. Jefferson saw it as an agrarian
society. Opponents of Hamilton mainly the farmers, gathered behind
Jefferson. They called them selves Republicans and favored the French
revolution.

The 19th amendment in the 1930s, gave the vote to women. (7).Briefly,
after the civil war, African-Americans were allowed to vote, but the
1876 deal with the Southern states, effectively kept them from voting
8.

Less than 50% vote in the presidential elections year; far less do in
the mid-term and fewer in local elections. Many well-informed citizens
do not vote, as they see no difference between the democrats and
republicans.

In a democracy, at a minimum, people have to be consulted, if not in
making decisions.

Politicians buy votes through tax-supported programs. During the
crises, the establishment offers welfare. When things settle down,
parties of all hues make concerted effort to nibble at benefits, (post
Johnson in the US and post Labor in Britain-conservative Thatcher and
the neo-conservative Blair). Similar steps have been taken in Canada
and European countries.

The UK government, under that supreme hypocrite Blair, supported and
took part in the aggression even though a majority of the British
people opposed it. He got away with it because the Tory opposition
wanted nothing better than left overs after the US had dined at the
main table.

In large cities, parties are run by machines and dispense favors.

No matter how informed the voter, choice is restricted to two to three
candidates. In order to appeal to all economic, religious, cultural
and education classes, candidates indulge in unabashed double talk.
Usually the established ones win.

Most Americans presidents, when first elected, are synthetic creations
of public relations firms, who are acceptable to interest groups,
which are governed by big money.

Professional party workers are in there for jobs and favors.

Professor Hook in Encyclopedia Americana, "Delegation of authority is
inescapable in any political assemblage…the basic question is whether
the delegation is reversible…" (9).

Democracy is related to making laws and policy. Execution had
necessarily to be delegated-the entire population cannot serve in the
army or deliver mail.

Constitution can easily be perverted as was clearly seen under Bush
II. He and his team lied through their teeth. No one in his
administration went to jail.

Blair flouted the clearly expressed opinion of the public against the
war in Iraq, but the opposition collaborated with him to approve the
aggression.

A pre-requisite to democracy is a well-informed electorate. There are
no definitive methods of obtaining such data.

Opinion is formed by the media which are owned by corporations. People
are deluded in thinking that the leaders are following their mandate.
The most illustrative example is the invasiuon of Iraq for which the
Republican Establishment invented the Weapons of Mass Destruction. The
Democratic establishment meekly fell in line.

Literacy, though very different from education, can be one criterion.
In the USA, nearly 80% finish high school (12 grades). But a
substantial % is virtually illiterate (comparable to the average BA/MA
in Pakistan). In 1988, "27 million Americans are functionally
illiterate, with reading skills below the fourth grade level and the
number grows by 2 million every year (10).

Functioning democracy requires knowledge of the government. Even the
members of the congress are not well informed; witness the complaints,
hearings and investigations. Their Focus of the public is kept riveted
on beer, football and soaps. Corporate misinformation on Vietnam,
Iraq, Israel, Afghanistan and US Health care, should provide
sufficient proof even to the skeptics (11).

Democracy is virtually non-existent. At best, serves to obfuscate
issues to befuddle popular thought (12)

During the elections candidates promise everything that will get them
a vote, but forget all about it soon after election. People can't do
much as the mainstream party candidates are together in this.

Elections do not determine policy, which is always at variance with or
even opposed to public expectations. The one benefit they offer is
that they function as seminars on political awareness. But the process
is very long. Indian voters, even after scores of elections over the
last six decades, even in the absence of the corporate media pushing
distractions, are not much better informed than their Pakistani
counterparts, who if the negative effect of religious fundamentalism
could be obviated, would actually be more enlightened as they are
better fed and have more energy to discuss issues.

Money War and Democracy:Democracy Corporations and war

WW I broke out in 1914, the US declared neutrality, but the UK and
France borrowed heavily from the US banks and ordered war supplies. By
1916, it was a stalemate. British and French propaganda machine
churned out lie after lie to persuade the US to join. It succeeded.

Germany made the mistake of not borrowing money on the Wall Street and
announced their horrifying war plans. The UK and France kept their
intentions a secret.

On 5/7/1915, a US ship, Lusitania, was torpedoed off the coast of
Ireland. Germany had warned the passenger ships off as the ship
carried ammunition, and was a legitimate target, which claim was
denied by the US shipping company. The US had knowingly cleared the
shipment. Subsequent British inquiry established that the ship did
carry ammunition and the British submarines in the area were under
orders not to intercept the Germans and deliberately let them attack
the ship, resulting in the loss of 128 US servicemen (13).

Wilson still kept the US out of war and contested the 1916 elections
on the slogan, "He kept us out of war" while launching preparations to
enter it. They had blatantly lied to the US public (14).

The era of systematic thought manipulation began. Germans adopted it
later; inherent superiority of the Aryan race. Clerics joined in. Ray
H. Abrams-Preachers Present Arms 1933 (15).

Wilson declared war on April 4, 1917 and imposed a virtually
dictatorial dispensation. Fierce anti-German and anti-foreigner
propaganda under the Committee on Public Information, headed by George
Creel, was launched (16) German music-Bach, Beethoven- and language
was banished (Post 9/11, US behaved the same way towards France,
changing the name of French Fries to Freedom Fries). People changed
their names in thousands.

Joseph Goebbels was to emulate Creel, the US Head of the Committee on
Public Information under Wilson's war cabinet. Nazis were to do the
same, at a much larger scale, to Jews, Gypsies and political
opponents.17

Entry into the war for Democrats required intensive propaganda (18)

In a parliamentary system, pre-election positions are more likely to
be adopted as policy. Blair suffered a setback after 9/11 and had to
leave office due to pressure of public opinion.

Bush won re-election.

Due to the reckless speculation of the financiers, the market crashed
in 10/1929.

Depression, contrary to popular belief was not caused by the crash. It
was a consequence of imposing high import tariffs, the "save the
capitalist" policy of Hoover. Foreign capital retaliated.
International trade and manufacturing hit bottom.

Federal Reserve, at the instance of NY Reserve, which was (and is)
under control of Manhattan Banks, kept the interest rate high. That
led to worsening of the depression and to 25% unemployment and
millions more underemployed. It lowered consumer spending and
production and made the depression worse (19).

Roosevelt promised to cut down federal spending, and broke the promise
immediately after taking office. Scores of agencies, called the
Alphabet soup, at the time, were set up. Popularity was gained by
direct aid to citizens reduced to poverty and creation of jobs (20).

The schemes failed. WW II, with massive orders for war supplies, came
to the rescue and lifted the US out of depression and sent Europe into
virtual bankruptcy.

Truman succeeded Roosevelt. To prevent a general strike in 1950, he
had the army seize the railroads. In 4/52, in order to prevent a
general strike, he seized the steel mills. On 6/2/52, the SC found the
order illegal (21).

Eisenhower won in 1952 and 1956 against a much more qualified
candidate on the basis of his WW II reputation.

Kennedy won largely on the issue of fictitious missile gap.

Religion plays a great role in US elections. Truman got nearly all the
Jewish votes for his support of the Zionist state. GWB was supported
by religious fundamentalists, including the Muslim ones.

Johnson ran on a peace plank, a lie, as he was preparing for expansion
of the war, and got the congress to go along with the fictitious Gulf
of Tonkin incident (Vietnamese torpedoes fired on US warships) 22

Nixon won on the basis of a "certain plan to end the war". He
continued the war for six years, broke all the laws he could and ended
up in Watergate.

Jimmy Carter won on the backlash of the pardon and lost the bid for
reelection because of his perceived ineptitude to handle the Iranian
hostage crisis 23 His major achievement was the Camp David peace
accord between Egypt and Israel. The Zionist lobby was unhappy with
the concessions Israel had to concede.

It is widely believed that the Reagan team negotiated with the Iranian
government not to release the hostages before elections. As a face
saving device they were released only after he had been inaugurared.
Iran-contra, some assert was the payoff 24.

Reagan did the capitalist bidding and effectively nullified the
welfare measures from Johnson's time. His major "achievements" were an
attack on Granada, a tiny republic the size of a mid-size US city and
the Iran-Contra scandal (25). The Congress was reluctant to impeach
another president so soon after Nixon.

Bush Sr enraged the Israeli lobby by demanding a freeze on settlements
in the occupied territory in return for a ten billion-loan guarantee
26 TV channels showed skull cap wearing crowds screaming "we will see
you at election time". He lost the re-election bid, though he had
enjoyed above 90% approval rating after Gulf 1.

His other achievement was the invasion of Panama, because his old
partner, Noreiga had started defying the CIA, which did not need the
drug money anymore to fund El-Salvador and Nicaragua terrorists.

Bill Clinton, unknown except in the circles of call girls of Arkansas,
defeated an incumbent president because of the Jewish lobby's
opposition to Bush Sr and the most successful third party candidate,
to date, Ross Perot.

Clinton was the most ardent promoter of Global corporations. He
deregulated finance, the media and pushed WTO and NAFTA 27. The first
resulted in the meltdown of 2008, the second reduced the number of
news media owners from eighty five to five and the last two tightened
the stranglehold of corporations on third world countries. His time in
office was chiefly memorable for the Monica Lewinsky scandal during
which he public committed perjury, was impeached and escaped dismissal
because he kept on apologizing.

G.W. Bush did not know that Social Security was a Federal program. He
dragged the country into invasion on Iraq, which he justified on the
basis of deliberate lies of WMD's in Saddam's arsenal. The congress
went along, as it was cognizant of the fact that it was the first step
to physical control of energy resources.

The above should be sufficient to establish that presidential
candidates and presidents routinely and deliberately lie about their
intentions.

.Above ground tests in Nevada exposed troops in the vicinity. Clouds
settled over Utah. Eisenhower ordered aides to give ambiguous answers.
Proponents of atomic power (supplies 20% energy in the US) tried to
equate radiation to smoke from wood, coal and oil. The Atomic energy
commission kept leakage into air and water a secret for 28 years (28).
The excuse was to keep knowledge from spreading.

Industrial hazards are generally downplayed for the benefit of
corporations, toxics waste is not dealt with by corporations which
created it. (In Nigeria, Bolivia and other third world countries, gas
is simply let out in the atmosphere or burnt into it).

According to Johns-Manville Corporation records, danger of exposure to
asbestos was known as early as 1890s in the UK, but was used till a
few decades ago (29).

Candidates are constructed by speech writers, media men, tailors,
artists, stage designers and hair dressers.

People have little knowledge about candidates:

Wilson had a long history of Cerebro-vascular Accidents which produced
alteration in behavior (Journal of American history 9/1970, Edward
Wienstien MD, Professor of Neurolgy, Mount Sinai Medical School,
tracing it to 1896 (30). He had spells of irrationality during the
April 1919, Paris peace conference.

After victory, punitive measures for reparation were forced on
Germany. The idiocy of Versailles, are well documented by John M.
Keynes in his "Economic Consequences of Peace"-1919 (31).

FDR was paralyzed from waist down, but few knew about it. Kennedy had
Addison's disease, problem with blood level of cortisone, a serious
disability 32. Johnson had a heart attack before the 1964 election.

Kennedy was presented as an earnest, serious, Catholic patriotic
veteran of WW II. In fact he was secular, hedonist and a rank
opportunist. Jackie was bribed by his father from going public about
Jack's womanizing before elections. He magnified a guerilla training
operation into an invasion of Cuba- Bay of Pigs. Contrary to common
belief, he did not inherit it 33.

He and his brother Robert engaged known mobsters to assassinate Fidel
Castro, in clear violation of international and US constitution 34.

Installation of Soviet missiles was a reaction to Bay of Pigs 35.
Khruschev gave in and was dumped by the politburo. More recalcitrant
chiefs followed, ICBMs and submarines were still on target.

There are degrees of democracy in countries, which hold elections on a
regular basis. The British government is more democratic than the one
in the US, as it has to be more responsive to public opinion, though
Blair went to war in Iraq in the face of overwhelming public opinion.

Just because the process is open, does not mean that the public is
well informed.

Corporations act without the least government or democratic direction,
pretty much as they please.

Character of Politicians:

David Hume, the Scottish philosopher, 1711-1776, referred to the
natural depravity of mankind in "That Politics May be Reduced to
Science" (36).

They are known from antiquity as dissemblers. The US ones excel others
because they have to cater to a multiplicity of ethnic, religious and
linguistic groups.

Words acquire nuances. Liberal has taken the meaning of support of
unqualified people. Opponents are called racists and bigots.

Democracy stops when a candidate is elected.

Improvement in the lot of the downtrodden is not obtained by a
democratic process. It has to be fought for against the establishment.
The US feudal and commercial class fought a war of independence
from the Britain. It was successful largely because of the help of the
French, traditional rivals of Britain.

Civil war started in 4/1861. The North of the country was
commercial/industrial, while the South was slave owning feudal. The
emancipation proclamation to free slaves in 9/1862 was to strike a
blow against the South. A conflict inevitably arose. In the ensuing
civil war, the North won. Support of blacks made the difference.

In the disputed 1876 elections, Samuel Tilden of NY, a Democrat,
defeated Rutherford Hayes an Ohio Republican. In the subsequent
elections Southern Democrats opted for Hayes in return for segregation
of blacks 37.

The Supreme Court in 1883, declared the Civil Rights Law
unconstitutional. In 1896, Plessy vs Ferguson, "separate, but equal"
facilities for whites and blacks were ordained, in violation of the
constitution, which does not permit separation, except for criminals
in prisons 38.

Blacks, in effect, reverted to slave status.

In 1954, Brown vs Board of Education, the Supreme Court decided
against school segregation. The USSR was hitting hard at the US racial
policy. In an expected war and for trade, the US needed the support of
non-whites, who constituted the vast majority of the population of the
world 39

In the early 20th century CE, in Chicago, except for the Anglo-Saxons
and the Scots, all other whites were called "niggers" 40

Happy melting pot is an illusion.

Bibliography/References:

1. Ref on Democracy in Greece.

2. Ibid.

3. Reference on Sparta.

4. Feilling, Keith,"History of England," (London: Book Club
Associates, 1970). 5. "The Record of the Federal Convention of
1787," Max Farrard, ed., (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press,
1937, Revised Edition).

6. Federalist Papers no 10.

7. ref "19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution".

8. Ref on Blacks allowed to vote after the Civil War but the 1876 deal
with Southern Democrats kept them from voting.

9. Prof Hook in Encyclopedia Americana.

10. The New York Times September 4, 1988.

11. Bush II lies on Iraq WMDs and Obama Health Care Reforms.

12. Lundberg, Ferdinand,"Myth of Democracy," (New York: Carol
Publishing Group, 1989), p 50.

13. Ibid, p 55.

14. Nisbet, Robert, "America Enters the World," vol 7, p 568 in "A
People's History of the Progressive Era and WW I," (City, Publisher,
1985).

15. Abrams, Ray H.,"Preachers Present Arms," (City, Publisher, 1933).

16. Nisbet, "America Enters the World," pp 540-566.

17. Ibid, p 572.

18. Ibid, p 578.

19. Lundberg, "Myth of Democracy," p 59.

20. Ibid, p 60.

21. 1950 Truman Seized Rail roads to crush a union strike and in
4/1952 seized Steel Mills. On 6/2/1954, SC found seizure of steel
mills illegal.

22. Gulf of Tonkin incident find ref.

23. Rafizadwh, Mansur, "Witness, From the Shah to Secret Arms Deal: An
Insider's Account of U.S. Involvement in Iran," (New York: William
Morrow and Company, Inc, 1987).ref to Iranian Hostage crisis.

24. Ibid.Reagan Team secret deal with Iranians not to release hostages
till after elections and Reagan inauguration.

25. Ibid.Iran Contra scandal.

26. Bush I 1990-91 demanded freeze on Israeli settlements in return
for $10 billion loan guarantee.

27. WTO and NAFTA.

28. The New York Times 11/4/1988.

29. Johns-Manville Corporation asbestos related toxicity.

30. Weinstien, Edward MD, Prof of neurology at Mount Sinai Medical
School, New York, article on mental heath of president Wilson during
the Paris Peace conference in Journal of American History, September
1970, Vol 57, pp 324-351.

31. Keynes, John M., "Economic consequences of Peace 1919," (City,
Publisher, Year).

32. JFK suffered from Addison's disease find ref.

33. Wills, Garry, "The Kennedy Imprisonment," (City, Publisher, 1981),
pp 232-254.

34. Ibid, pp 251-252; 35. Wills, Garry, "The Kennedy Imprisonment,"

36. Hume, David, work.

37. 1876 election, Samuel Tilden of New York and Rutherford Hayes–deal
on segregation of Blacks.

38. 1883 U.S. Supreme Court declared Civil Rights Law
unconstitutional. 1896 Plessy vs Ferguson, SC declares separate but
equal rights whites and blacks.

39. 1954 US Supreme Court Brown vs Board of Education.

40. Lundberg, "Myth of Democracy," p 149;

Dr. S. Akhtar Ehtisham
Blog syedehtisham.blogspot.com

All religions try to take over the establishment and if they fail,
they collaborate with it, be it feudal or capitalist.





--
*Shahzad Shameem*

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